Section
No.
Proposition
Scripture
Council/Magisterium
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
1
God can be known with certainty by reason from created things.
Rom 1:19–20; Wis 13:1–9
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
2
God’s existence is also held by supernatural faith.
Heb 11:6; Mk 16:16
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
3
God’s nature is incomprehensible to human minds.
1 Tim 6:16; Rom 11:33
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
4
The blessed in heaven intuitively know God’s essence (Beatific Vision).
1 Jn 3:2; Mt 5:8; Rev 22:4
Benedict XII, Benedictus Deus (1336)
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
5
The Beatific Vision is beyond the natural power of the human soul.
1 Cor 2:9–10; 1 Tim 6:16
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
6
The Beatific Vision requires the ‘light of glory.’
Rev 21:23; 2 Cor 4:6
Benedict XII, Benedictus Deus; received theological term
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
7
Even the blessed do not comprehend God exhaustively.
Job 26:14; 1 Cor 13:12
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
8
God’s attributes are really identical with His essence and with each other.
Ex 3:14; Jas 1:17
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
9
God is absolutely perfect.
Mt 5:48; Ps 18:30
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
10
God is infinite in every perfection.
Ps 145:3; Job 11:7–9
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
11
God is absolutely simple (not composed of parts).
Deut 6:4; Jas 1:17
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
12
There is only one God.
Deut 6:4; 1 Cor 8:4–6
Nicaea I (325); Constantinople I (381)
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
13
The one God is the true God in the ontological sense.
Jer 10:10; Jn 17:3
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
14
God possesses infinite knowledge.
Ps 147:5; Heb 4:13
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
15
God is absolute truthfulness (veracity).
Jn 14:6; Tit 1:2
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
16
God is absolutely faithful.
2 Tim 2:13; Deut 7:9
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
17
God is absolute goodness in Himself and in relation to creatures.
Ps 34:8; Mk 10:18
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
18
God is absolute moral goodness (holiness).
1 Pet 1:15–16; Rev 15:4
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
19
God is absolute benignity (kindness).
Eph 2:7; Tit 3:4–5
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
20
God is absolutely immutable (unchangeable).
Mal 3:6; Jas 1:17
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
21
God is eternal.
Ps 90:2; Rev 1:8
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
22
God is immense (absolutely immeasurable).
1 Kgs 8:27; Jer 23:24
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
23
God is present everywhere in created space (omnipresent).
Ps 139:7–10; Jer 23:23–24
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
24
God’s knowledge is infinite, actual, subsistent, comprehensive, independent of creatures.
Ps 147:5; Heb 4:13
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
25
God knows all possibilities (scientia simplicis intelligentiae).
Wis 8:1; Sir 23:20
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
26
God knows all real things past, present, and future (scientia visionis).
Ps 139:1–4; Is 46:10
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
27
God foresees the free acts of rational creatures infallibly.
Ps 139; Wis 8:1; Is 46:10
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
28
God’s divine will is infinite.
Ps 115:3; Eph 1:11
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
29
God necessarily loves Himself and freely wills and loves creation.
Prov 16:4; Eph 1:5–9
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
30
God is almighty (omnipotent).
Gen 17:1; Lk 1:37
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
31
God is Lord of heaven and earth.
Ps 24:1; Mt 11:25
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
32
God is infinitely just.
Rom 2:5–6; Rev 16:5–7
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
33
God is infinitely merciful.
Ps 103:8–13; Eph 2:4–5
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
34
In God there are three Persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Mt 28:19; 2 Cor 13:14
Nicaea-Constantinople Creed (381)
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
35
Each divine Person possesses the one, numerical divine essence.
Jn 10:30; Jn 14:9–11
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
36
There are two internal divine processions.
Jn 15:26 (Spirit proceeds); Jn 1:18 (Son generated)
Lateran IV; Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
37
The divine Persons (not the nature) are subject of the processions (active/passive sense).
Jn 5:19–26; Jn 16:13–15
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
38
The Son proceeds from the Father by generation and is thus truly Son.
Jn 1:14,18; Heb 1:3
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
39
The Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son as from one principle through one spiration.
Jn 15:26; Jn 16:7
Lyons II (1274); Florence (1439)
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
40
The Holy Spirit proceeds by spiration, not generation.
Jn 15:26
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
41
The relations in God are really identical with the divine nature.
Jn 10:30; Ex 3:14
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
42
The three divine Persons are mutually ‘in one another’ (perichoresis).
Jn 14:10–11; Jn 17:21–23
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
I. God and His Attributes (1–43)
43
All external (ad extra) divine operations are common to the three Persons.
Gen 1:26; Jn 5:17; 1 Cor 12:4–6
Vatican I, Dei Filius ch.1–4; Fourth Lateran Council, Cap. Firmiter
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
44
Everything outside God was produced wholly from nothing by God.
Gen 1:1; Heb 11:3
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
45
God was moved by His goodness to create the world.
Wis 11:24–26; Eph 1:5–9
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
46
The world was created for the glorification of God.
Ps 19:1; Eph 1:12–14
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
47
The three divine Persons are one principle of creation.
Gen 1:26; Jn 1:3; Col 1:16
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
48
God created the world freely, without external compulsion or inner necessity.
Rev 4:11; Ps 115:3
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
49
God created a good world.
Gen 1:31
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
50
The world had a beginning in time.
Gen 1:1; Prov 8:22–23
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
51
God alone created the world.
Is 44:24; Jn 1:3
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
52
God keeps all created things in existence (conservation).
Heb 1:3; Col 1:17
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
53
God protects and guides creation by His providence (government).
Wis 8:1; Mt 10:29–31
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
54
The first man was created by God.
Gen 2:7; 1 Cor 15:45
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
55
Man is essentially body and spiritual soul.
Gen 2:7; Mt 10:28
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
56
The rational soul is per se the essential form of the body.
Gen 2:7; Wis 15:11
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
57
Every human being possesses an individual spiritual soul.
Zech 12:1; Heb 12:9
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
58
God conferred on man a supernatural destiny.
2 Pet 1:4; Eph 1:4–5
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
59
Our first parents were endowed with sanctifying grace before the Fall.
Gen 2:25; Wisdom tradition (state of original holiness)
Trent, Session V (Decree on Original Sin)
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
60
They were also endowed with bodily immortality (donum immortalitatis).
Gen 2:17; Wis 2:23
Trent, Session V
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
61
Our first parents sinned grievously by transgressing the divine command.
Gen 3:1–6
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
62
Through their sin they lost sanctifying grace and provoked God’s indignation.
Gen 3:7–24; Rom 5:12
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
63
Our first parents became subject to death and under the devil’s dominion.
Rom 5:12; Heb 2:14–15
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
64
Adam’s sin is transmitted to his descendants by propagation, not mere imitation.
Rom 5:12–19
Trent, Session V
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
65
Original sin is transmitted by natural generation.
Ps 51:5; Rom 5:12
Trent, Session V
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
66
In original sin man is deprived of sanctifying grace and preternatural gifts.
Eph 2:1–3
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
67
Souls departing in original sin are excluded from the Beatific Vision.
Jn 3:5; Rev 21:27
Benedict XII, Benedictus Deus (on immediate vision); general theological note
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
68
At the beginning God created spiritual essences (angels) out of nothing.
Col 1:16; Ps 148:2,5
Lateran IV (creation of spiritual and corporeal)
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
69
Angels are of spiritual nature.
Heb 1:14; Lk 20:36
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
70
Good angels’ secondary task is protecting humans and caring for their salvation.
Mt 18:10; Heb 1:14
Lateran IV; common doctrine
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
71
The devil wields a certain dominion over mankind because of Adam’s sin.
Jn 12:31; Eph 2:2
Trent, Session V (effects of sin); general teaching
II. Creation and Providence (44–72)
72
God created the world for His glory and governs all things wisely (summary doctrinal close for creation/providence).
Wis 8:1; Ps 103; Rom 11:36
Lateran IV; Vatican I, Dei Filius
III. Angels (73–76)
73
Angels truly exist, created by God as pure spirits.
Col 1:16; Heb 1:14
Lateran IV (angels created good; spiritual nature)
III. Angels (73–76)
74
Angels were created good; some fell (demons).
Jude 6; 2 Pet 2:4
Lateran IV
III. Angels (73–76)
75
Guardian angels protect and assist humans.
Mt 18:10; Ps 91:11
Lateran IV; common doctrine
III. Angels (73–76)
76
Angels are personal, immortal spirits with intellect and will.
Lk 20:36; Heb 1:14
Lateran IV
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
77
Jesus Christ is true God and true Son of God.
Jn 1:1; Jn 20:28
Nicaea I (325); Constantinople I (381)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
78
Christ assumed a real (not apparent) body.
Jn 1:14; Lk 24:39
Chalcedon (451)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
79
Christ assumed a rational human soul.
Mt 26:38; Heb 4:15
Chalcedon (451)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
80
Christ was truly generated and born of a daughter of Adam, the Virgin Mary.
Mt 1:18–25; Lk 1–2
Ephesus (431)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
81
The divine and human natures are hypostatically united in Christ (one Person).
Jn 1:14; Col 2:9
Chalcedon (451)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
82
Christ incarnate is one Person—God and man at the same time.
Jn 10:30; Col 2:9
Chalcedon (451)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
83
The Word is united to flesh by a real, substantial union; Christ is truly God, not merely ‘bearer’ of God.
Col 2:9; Jn 1:14
Chalcedon (451)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
84
Divine and human activities in Christ are attributed to the one Person of the Word.
Acts 20:28; Jn 11:35
Ephesus (431); Constantinople III (680–681)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
85
The divine Logos suffered in the flesh, was crucified, died, and rose.
1 Pet 3:18; Phil 2:8
Ephesus; Chalcedon
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
86
The Holy Virgin is Mother of God since she bore the Word made flesh.
Lk 1:43; Gal 4:4
Ephesus (Theotokos)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
87
In the hypostatic union each nature remains unimpaired, untransformed, and unmixed.
Heb 4:15; Jn 19:34
Chalcedon (two natures, without confusion)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
88
Each nature in Christ has its own natural will and operation.
Lk 22:42; Jn 6:38
Constantinople III (two wills/operations)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
89
The hypostatic union occurred at the moment of conception.
Lk 1:35
Ephesus; received doctrine
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
90
The hypostatic union will never cease.
Heb 7:24
Chalcedon (permanent union implied)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
91
The hypostatic union was effected by the three divine Persons acting in common.
Gen 1:26 (divine operations ad extra)
Lateran IV (Trinitarian actions in common)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
92
Only the second divine Person became incarnate.
Jn 1:14
Nicaea I; Ephesus
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
93
Jesus is Son of God not only as God, but also as man by nature (as the God man).
Lk 1:35; Rom 1:3–4
Chalcedon
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
94
The God man Jesus Christ is to be worshiped with latria (divine adoration).
Jn 20:28; Mt 28:9
Nicaea II (787) (latria to God alone; worship of Christ)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
95
Christ’s divine and human characteristics and acts are predicated of the one Word incarnate.
1 Cor 2:8; Acts 20:28
Ephesus; Chalcedon (communication of idioms)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
96
Christ was free from all sin—original and personal.
Heb 4:15; 1 Pet 2:22
Constantinople II affirms sinlessness; general magisterium
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
97
Christ’s human nature was passible (capable of suffering).
Heb 2:14–18
Chalcedon
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
98
The Son of God became man to redeem mankind.
Mk 10:45; 1 Tim 2:5–6
Trent, Session VI
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
99
Fallen man cannot redeem himself.
Eph 2:8–9; Rom 3:20
Trent, Session VI
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
100
Jesus Christ is the High Priest of the New Covenant.
Heb 5:1–10; Heb 7–10
Trent, Session XXII
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
101
Christ offered Himself on the Cross as a true and proper sacrifice.
Heb 9:26; Eph 5:2
Trent, Session XXII
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
102
By His sacrifice Christ ransomed us and reconciled us with God.
Rom 5:10–11; Col 1:20
Trent, Session VI
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
103
Christ did not die only for the predestined.
1 Tim 2:4–6; 1 Jn 2:2
Scripture; general magisterium
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
104
Christ’s atonement does not extend to fallen angels.
Heb 2:16; 2 Pet 2:4
Scripture
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
105
Through His Passion and Death Christ merited reward before God.
Phil 2:8–9; Heb 2:9
Trent, Session VI
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
106
After death Christ’s soul, separated from His body, descended to the underworld.
1 Pet 3:19; Eph 4:9
Apostles’ Creed; common doctrine
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
107
On the third day Christ rose gloriously from the dead.
1 Cor 15:3–4; Lk 24:6–7
Florence (Symbol); Lateran IV
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
108
Christ ascended bodily into heaven and sits at the right hand of the Father.
Acts 1:9–11; Heb 1:3
Florence (Symbol)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
109
Christ will come again in glory.
Mt 25:31; Acts 1:11
Constantinople I (Creed)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
110
Christ is the sole Mediator of salvation.
1 Tim 2:5; Jn 14:6
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 62 (subordinate mediation)
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
111
Christ founded the Church to continue His redeeming work.
Mt 28:19–20; Jn 20:21–23
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 8
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
112
Christ’s priesthood is unique and everlasting; the ordained share in it.
Heb 7:24; Jn 20:21–23
Trent, Session XXIII
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
113
Christ is true king and lord of all.
Mt 28:18; Rev 19:16
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
114
Christ is the divine revealer and teacher in His Church.
Heb 1:1–2; Jn 16:13
Vatican I, Dei Filius
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
115
Christ is head of His Mystical Body, the Church.
Col 1:18; Eph 1:22–23
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 7
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
116
Christ’s merits are superabundant and sufficient for all.
Rom 5:15–19; 1 Jn 2:2
Trent, Session VI
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
117
Participation in redemption requires grace and free cooperation.
Phil 2:12–13; 2 Cor 6:1
Trent, Session VI
IV. Christology: Person, Natures, Work (77–118)
118
Salvation is through Christ alone (no other name given for salvation).
Acts 4:12; Jn 14:6
Vatican II, Ad Gentes 7
V. The Blessed Virgin Mary (119–125)
119
Mary is truly the Mother of God (Theotokos).
Lk 1:43; Jn 1:14
Ephesus (431) Theotokos
V. The Blessed Virgin Mary (119–125)
120
Mary conceived by the Holy Spirit without co operation of man.
Lk 1:34–35
Constantinople I; Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 57
V. The Blessed Virgin Mary (119–125)
121
Mary gave birth without violation of her virginal integrity.
Mt 1:25 (patristic reading); Lk 2:7
Lateran Synod 649 (virginitas in partu); Vatican II affirms ever-virgin
V. The Blessed Virgin Mary (119–125)
122
Mary remained ever virgin—before, during, and after Christ’s birth.
Ez 44:2 (typology); Mt 1:25; Lk 1:34
Constantinople II (553) uses Aeiparthenos; Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 57
V. The Blessed Virgin Mary (119–125)
123
Mary was conceived without stain of original sin (Immaculate Conception).
Lk 1:28 (kecharitomene); Gen 3:15
Pius IX, Ineffabilis Deus (1854)
V. The Blessed Virgin Mary (119–125)
124
Mary was assumed body and soul into heaven (Assumption).
Rev 12:1; Ps 132:8 (typology)
Pius XII, Munificentissimus Deus (1950); Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 59
V. The Blessed Virgin Mary (119–125)
125
Mary’s unique role in salvation history is singular and unparalleled among creatures.
Lk 1:38; Jn 2:1–5
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 60–62
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
126
God supernaturally moves the soul before free acts (prevenient grace).
Jn 6:44; Phil 2:13
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
127
God supernaturally assists the soul concurrently with free acts (concurrent grace).
1 Cor 3:9; Phil 2:13
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
128
For every salutary act, internal supernatural elevating grace is absolutely necessary.
Jn 15:5; 2 Cor 3:5
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
129
Internal supernatural grace is necessary for the beginning of faith and salvation.
Eph 2:8–9; Rom 10:17
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
130
Without special divine help, the justified cannot persevere to the end.
Mt 24:13; 1 Pet 1:5
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
131
No one can avoid all sins for a lifetime without a special grace.
1 Jn 1:8; Jas 3:2
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
132
Even in fallen nature, man can know certain religious/moral truths by natural reason.
Rom 1:19–21; Acts 17:26–27
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
133
Sanctifying grace is not strictly required to perform a morally good act (natural order).
Rom 2:14–15
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
134
In fallen nature, man cannot with ease and certainty know all religious/moral truths without Revelation.
Wis 9:16; Eph 4:17–18
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
135
Grace cannot be merited by natural works (neither de condigno nor de congruo).
Rom 11:35; Eph 2:8–9
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
136
God gives all the just sufficient grace to observe the commandments.
1 Cor 10:13; Phil 4:13
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
137
God has predestined certain persons to eternal blessedness by His eternal resolve.
Rom 8:29–30; Eph 1:4–5
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
138
God, by His eternal resolve, permits certain persons to eternal rejection on account of foreseen sins (reprobation).
Rom 9:22; Mt 25:41
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
139
Under efficacious grace the human will remains free; grace is not irresistible.
Deut 30:19; Phil 2:13
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
140
There is grace truly sufficient which nevertheless remains inefficacious.
Mt 23:37; 2 Cor 6:1
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
141
The sinner must prepare himself for justification by actual grace.
Acts 2:37–38; 2 Cor 7:10
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
142
Justification of adults is not possible without faith.
Mk 16:16; Heb 11:6
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
143
Besides faith, further dispositions are required for justification (e.g., contrition).
Ps 51; Lk 18:13
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
144
Sanctifying grace truly sanctifies the soul.
1 Cor 6:11; Rom 5:5
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
145
Sanctifying grace makes the just a friend of God.
Jn 15:15; Jas 2:23
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
146
Sanctifying grace makes the just a child of God and heir to heaven.
Rom 8:15–17
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
147
The theological virtues (faith, hope, charity) are infused with sanctifying grace.
1 Cor 13:13; Rom 5:5
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
148
Without special revelation no one can know with certainty if he is in the state of grace.
1 Cor 4:4; Prov 20:9
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
149
Degrees of justifying grace vary among the just.
1 Cor 15:41–42
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
150
Grace can be increased by good works.
2 Pet 3:18; Rev 22:12
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
151
The grace of justification can be lost and is lost by any mortal (grievous) sin.
Ezek 18:24; Heb 6:4–6
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
152
The justified truly merit supernatural reward for good works.
Mt 10:41–42; Heb 6:10
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
153
By each good work the justified merit increase of sanctifying grace, eternal life (if dying in grace), and increase of glory.
Rev 22:12; 2 Cor 4:17
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
154
Merit is grounded in Christ and God’s promises, not on human sufficiency.
Eph 2:8–10; Tit 3:5–7
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
155
God crowns His own gifts in us (merit remains grace based).
1 Cor 15:10; Phil 2:13
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
156
Actual grace aids the will to perform salutary acts.
Phil 2:13; 2 Cor 3:5
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
157
Habitual grace remains as a stable gift unless lost by mortal sin.
Jn 14:16
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
158
Venial sin wounds charity but does not destroy sanctifying grace.
1 Jn 5:16–17
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
159
Mortal sin destroys charity and expels sanctifying grace.
1 Jn 5:16; Rom 6:23
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
160
The infused moral virtues accompany sanctifying grace.
Wis 8:7; Gal 5:22–23
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
161
The gifts of the Holy Spirit perfect the virtues in the faithful.
Is 11:2; 1 Cor 12
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
162
Merit does not arise before justification; it follows grace.
Rom 4:4–5; Eph 2:8–10
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
163
Temporal punishment may remain after forgiveness of guilt.
2 Sam 12:13–14; Col 3:25
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
164
Satisfaction (penance and patience in trials) remits temporal punishment.
Col 1:24; 2 Cor 7:11
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
165
Indulgences apply Christ’s and the saints’ merits to remit temporal punishment.
Mt 16:19; 2 Macc 12:45
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
166
The communion of saints enables mutual spiritual help in Christ’s Body.
Heb 12:1; Eph 4:15–16
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VI. Grace and Justification (126–167)
167
Final perseverance is a gift; we must pray for it.
Mt 24:13; 1 Cor 10:12–13
Council of Trent, Session VI (Decree on Justification)
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
168
The Church was founded by Jesus Christ.
Mt 16:18–19; Mt 28:19–20
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 8; Vatican I, Dei Filius
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
169
Christ Himself conserves the Church with divine power.
Eph 5:25–27; Mt 28:20
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
170
Christ is the Redeemer of His Body, the Church.
Eph 5:23; Col 1:18
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
171
Christ founded the Church to continue His redeeming work through time.
Jn 20:21–23; Mt 28:19–20
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
172
Christ gave His Church a hierarchical constitution.
Mt 16:18–19; Jn 21:15–17
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 18; Pastor Aeternus (Vatican I)
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
173
The powers given to the Apostles descend to the bishops (apostolic succession).
Acts 1:20–26; 2 Tim 1:6
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 20
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
174
Christ appointed Peter as first among the Apostles and visible head of the whole Church, giving him primacy of jurisdiction.
Mt 16:18–19; Jn 21:15–17
Vatican I, Pastor Aeternus
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
175
Peter is to have successors in his primacy over the whole Church through all ages.
Lk 22:32; Jn 21:15–17
Vatican I, Pastor Aeternus
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
176
The successors of Peter are the bishops of Rome (Popes).
Mt 16:18–19; historical Petrine succession
Vatican I, Pastor Aeternus
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
177
The Pope has full and supreme jurisdiction over the whole Church in faith, morals, discipline, and governance.
Mt 16:19; Jn 21:15–17
Vatican I, Pastor Aeternus
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
178
The Pope is infallible when speaking ex cathedra on faith and morals.
Lk 22:32; Mt 16:18–19
Vatican I, Pastor Aeternus
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
179
By divine right, bishops possess ordinary power of governance in their dioceses.
Acts 20:28; 1 Pet 5:2–3
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
180
Christ is the head of the Church.
Col 1:18; Eph 1:22–23
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
181
In final decision on faith and morals the Church is infallible.
Jn 16:13; 1 Tim 3:15
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium; Dei Verbum
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
182
The primary object of infallibility is formally revealed truths concerning faith and morals.
Jn 14:26; 1 Tim 3:15
Vatican I, Dei Filius; Vatican II, Dei Verbum
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
183
The whole episcopal college is infallible when, dispersed or in council, it proposes doctrine to be held definitively.
Acts 15:28; Mt 18:18
Vatican II, Lumen Gentium 25
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
184
The Church founded by Christ is unique and one.
Jn 10:16; Eph 4:4–6
Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
185
The Church founded by Christ is holy.
Eph 5:27; 1 Pet 2:9
Nicene Creed; Vatican II, Lumen Gentium
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
186
The Church founded by Christ is catholic (universal).
Mt 28:19; Rom 1:5–6
Nicene Creed; Vatican II
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
187
The Church founded by Christ is apostolic.
Eph 2:20; Acts 2:42
Nicene Creed; Vatican II
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
188
Membership in the Church is necessary for salvation (properly understood).
Jn 3:5; Acts 4:12
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
189
It is permissible and profitable to venerate the saints and invoke their intercession.
Rev 5:8; Heb 12:1
Trent, Session XXV; Nicaea II (787)
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
190
It is permissible and profitable to venerate relics of the saints.
2 Kgs 13:21; Acts 19:11–12
Trent, Session XXV
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
191
It is permissible and profitable to venerate images of the saints.
Ex 25:18–22; Rev 1:12–13 (images/holy representations)
Nicaea II (787)
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
192
The living faithful can assist the souls in purgatory by prayers and suffrages.
2 Macc 12:45; 2 Tim 1:16–18
Trent, Session XXV
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
193
The Church possesses the power to grant indulgences.
Mt 16:19; Jn 20:23
Trent, Session XXV
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
194
The use of indulgences is salutary and useful for the faithful.
2 Macc 12:45; Mt 16:19
Trent, Session XXV
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
195
The faithful owe religious submission of intellect and will to the Magisterium’s teaching.
Lk 10:16; Heb 13:17
Lumen Gentium 25
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
196
The deposit of faith is contained in Scripture and Tradition entrusted to the whole Church.
2 Thess 2:15; 1 Tim 6:20
Dei Verbum 9–10
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
197
The Magisterium authentically interprets the Word of God.
Acts 15:28; 1 Tim 3:15
Dei Verbum 10
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
198
The Magisterium serves the Word of God and teaches only what has been handed on.
Mt 28:19–20; 1 Cor 11:23
Dei Verbum 10; Lumen Gentium
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
199
Dogmas are truths proposed by the Church as divinely revealed and definitively binding.
1 Tim 6:12–13; Jude 3
Dei Filius; Lumen Gentium
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
200
Dogmas are lights along the path of faith and organically connected.
Ps 119:105; Prov 4:18
Dei Filius; Dei Verbum
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
201
The sensus fidelium participates in understanding and handing on the faith.
1 Jn 2:20,27; Acts 15:22–29
Lumen Gentium 12
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
202
The Church is the universal sacrament of salvation; fullness of means of grace subsists in her.
Eph 3:9–11; 1 Tim 2:4–6
Lumen Gentium 48; Unitatis Redintegratio 3
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
203
Outside her structure there are elements of sanctification and truth which are ordered toward Catholic unity.
Jn 17:21; Eph 4:4–6
Lumen Gentium 8; Unitatis Redintegratio
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
204
The communion of saints comprises the faithful on earth, souls in purgatory, and saints in heaven.
Heb 12:1,22–24; Rev 6:9–11
Lumen Gentium
VII. The Church and Magisterium (168–205)
205
Mary is Mother of the Church and model of holiness for all the faithful.
Jn 19:26–27; Rev 12:1
Paul VI, allocution; Lumen Gentium 58–63 (Mary as Mother of the Church)
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
206
The sacraments of the New Covenant contain and confer the grace they signify.
Jn 3:5; Acts 2:38
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
207
The sacraments work ex opere operato (by Christ’s action in them).
Phil 1:6; Mt 28:20
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
208
All seven sacraments confer sanctifying grace to recipients who do not hinder it.
Jn 1:16; 2 Pet 1:4
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
209
Three sacraments (Baptism, Confirmation, Holy Orders) imprint an indelible character and cannot be repeated.
Eph 4:30; Heb 6:1–2
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
210
The sacramental character is a spiritual mark imprinted on the soul.
2 Cor 1:22; Eph 4:30
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
211
The sacramental character endures at least until death.
Rev 14:1 (analogy of seal); Eph 4:30
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
212
All seven sacraments were instituted by Jesus Christ.
Mt 28:19; 1 Cor 11:23
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
213
There are seven sacraments in the New Law.
Mt 28:19; 1 Cor 11:23–26; Jas 5:14; Acts 8:14–17
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
214
The sacraments are necessary in various ways for salvation.
Jn 3:5; Mk 16:16
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
215
For validity the minister must accomplish the sacramental sign properly.
Mt 28:19; 1 Cor 11:23
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
216
The minister must intend to do what the Church does.
Acts 8:14–17; 1 Cor 11:27–29
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
217
Adult recipients must be properly disposed for fruitful reception.
1 Cor 11:27–29
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
218
The rite (matter/form) must be that which Christ and the Church established.
Mt 28:19; 1 Cor 11:23–26
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
219
Sacramental grace is distinct for each sacrament.
1 Cor 12:4–11
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
220
Sacramentals dispose us to receive grace and sanctify various circumstances.
Num 5:11–31 (OT types); Acts 19:12
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
221
The liturgy is the work of the Trinity and the summit/source of Christian life.
Heb 13:15; Rev 4–5
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
222
Christ acts in the sacraments; the Holy Spirit prepares and effects their fruits.
Jn 16:13; Acts 2:1–4
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
VIII. The Sacraments (General) (206–223)
223
The Church has authority over sacramental discipline (not over their essence).
Mt 16:19; 1 Cor 4:1
Trent, Session VII (Decree on the Sacraments); Vatican II, Sacrosanctum Concilium
A. Baptism (224–240)
224
Baptism is a true sacrament instituted by Christ.
Mt 28:19; Jn 3:5
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
225
The remote matter of baptism is true natural water.
Acts 8:36–38; Jn 3:23
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
226
Baptism confers the grace of justification.
Acts 2:38; Tit 3:5–7
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
227
Baptism remits all guilt and all punishment due to sin.
Acts 22:16; 1 Cor 6:11
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
228
Even if unworthily received, valid baptism imprints an indelible character and cannot be repeated.
Eph 4:5; 2 Cor 1:22
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
229
Baptism by water has been necessary for all since the Gospel’s promulgation (at least in desire in extraordinary cases).
Jn 3:5; Mk 16:16
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
230
Baptism can be validly administered by anyone with proper matter, form, and intention.
Mt 28:19; Mk 16:15–16
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
231
Anyone not yet baptized in the wayfaring state can receive baptism.
Acts 8:36–38; Acts 10:47–48
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
232
Infant baptism is valid and licit.
Acts 16:15,33; Col 2:11–12
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
233
Baptism incorporates into Christ and His Church.
1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:27
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
234
Baptism configures us to Christ’s paschal mystery (death and resurrection).
Rom 6:3–4
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
235
Baptism is the door to the sacraments.
Jn 3:5; Mt 28:19
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
236
Baptism can be received only once.
Eph 4:5
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
237
Baptismal grace includes forgiveness, adoption, and the indwelling of the Trinity.
Acts 2:38; Rom 8:15; Jn 14:17
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
238
Baptism requires renunciation of sin and profession of faith.
Rom 10:9–10; 1 Pet 3:21
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
239
Baptism obliges to holiness and mission.
Mt 5:16; Acts 1:8
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
A. Baptism (224–240)
240
Baptism may be supplied by desire or by blood in extraordinary cases.
Lk 23:43; Mt 10:32; martyria
Trent, Session VII (Baptism); Florence (Decree for the Armenians)
B. Confirmation (241–245)
241
Confirmation is a true sacrament.
Acts 8:14–17; Acts 19:6
Trent, Session VII (Confirmation)
B. Confirmation (241–245)
242
Confirmation imprints an indelible spiritual character.
Eph 4:30; 2 Cor 1:21–22
Trent, Session VII (Confirmation)
B. Confirmation (241–245)
243
The ordinary minister of Confirmation is the bishop alone (priests can confer with faculty in certain rites).
Acts 8:14–17
Trent, Session VII (Confirmation)
B. Confirmation (241–245)
244
Confirmation increases baptismal grace and strengthens to witness Christ.
Acts 1:8; Eph 6:10–20
Trent, Session VII (Confirmation)
B. Confirmation (241–245)
245
Confirmation confers the gifts of the Holy Spirit for maturity in faith.
Is 11:2; Acts 2:1–4
Trent, Session VII (Confirmation)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
246
Christ’s Body and Blood are truly, really, and substantially present in the Eucharist.
Mt 26:26–28; Jn 6:51–58
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
247
Christ becomes present by the transformation of the whole substance of bread into His Body and of wine into His Blood (transubstantiation).
Lk 22:19–20; Jn 6:51–58
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
248
The accidents (species) of bread and wine remain after the change.
1 Cor 11:27–29; Heb 11:1 (appearance)
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
249
The Whole Christ (Body, Blood, Soul, Divinity) is present in the Eucharist.
Jn 6:51–58; Col 2:9
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
250
The Whole Christ is present under each species.
1 Cor 11:27–29
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
251
When either species is divided, the Whole Christ remains in each part.
1 Cor 10:17; 11:27–29
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
252
After consecration, Christ’s Body and Blood remain permanently present as long as species endure.
Jn 6:56; Mt 28:20
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
253
Adoration (latria) must be given to Christ present in the Eucharist.
Jn 6:54; Mt 4:10
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
254
The Eucharist is a true sacrament instituted by Christ.
1 Cor 11:23–26
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
255
The matter for the Eucharist is bread and wine.
Mt 26:26–29
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
256
Children before the age of reason are not strictly required to receive the Eucharist for salvation.
Jn 6:53–54 (interpretation re age of reason acknowledged by practice)
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
257
Communion under both kinds is not necessary for any individual faithful.
1 Cor 11:27–29
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
258
The power of consecration resides in validly ordained priests only.
Heb 5:1; Lk 22:19
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
259
The Eucharist can be validly received by any baptized person in the wayfaring state, including children.
1 Cor 10:17
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
260
For worthy communion, the state of grace and proper disposition are necessary.
1 Cor 11:27–29
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
261
The Holy Mass is a true and proper sacrifice.
Heb 9:23–26; Mal 1:11
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
262
In the Mass, the sacrifice of the Cross is made present; its memory is celebrated; its saving power applied.
Lk 22:19; 1 Cor 11:26
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
263
In the Mass and on the Cross, the sacrificial gift and primary sacrificing Priest are the same; only manner differs.
Heb 7:24–27; 9:11–14
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
C. Eucharist (246–268)
264
The Mass is not merely praise/thanksgiving, but also expiation and impetration.
Heb 13:15; Phil 4:6 (along with propitiatory texts)
Trent, Session XIII (Eucharist); Trent, Session XXII (Mass)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
265
The Church has power from Christ to remit sins committed after baptism.
Jn 20:22–23; Mt 16:19
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
266
By the Church’s absolution, sins are truly and immediately remitted.
Jn 20:23; Mt 18:18
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
267
The Church’s power to forgive sins extends to all sins.
Jn 20:23
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
268
Exercising this power is a judicial act.
2 Cor 5:18–20
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
269
The forgiveness of sins in penance is a true, proper sacrament distinct from baptism.
Jn 20:23; Acts 2:38
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
270
Perfect contrition outside the sacrament justifies only with the desire for the sacrament.
Ps 51; Lk 18:13
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
271
Attrition (fear based sorrow) is morally good and supernatural.
Joel 2:12–13; Prov 1:7
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
272
Sacramental confession is divinely instituted and necessary for salvation.
Jn 20:22–23; Jas 5:16
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
273
All mortal sins according to kind and number, and circumstances that change species, must be confessed.
Prov 28:13; Jas 5:16
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
274
Confession of venial sins is not necessary but permitted and useful.
Prov 24:16; 1 Jn 1:9
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
275
Not all temporal punishments are remitted with guilt; satisfaction remains.
2 Sam 12:13–14; Col 3:25
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
276
Priests must impose salutary penances suited to sins and penitent.
Mt 3:8; Jas 5:16
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
277
Extra sacramental penances and patient endurance of trials have satisfactory value.
Col 1:24; 1 Pet 2:20
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
278
The form of penance consists in the words of absolution.
Jn 20:23
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
279
Absolution with the penitent’s acts effects forgiveness.
Jn 20:23; Acts 2:38
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
280
The principal effect of penance is reconciliation with God.
Rom 5:10–11
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
281
Penance is necessary for salvation for those who fall into mortal sin after baptism.
Heb 6:4–6; 1 Jn 5:16
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
282
Only bishops and priests possess the power of sacramental absolution.
Jn 20:23
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
283
Absolution by deacons, lower clerics, or laity is not sacramental.
Heb 5:1; Acts 6:6
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
D. Penance (Reconciliation) (265–284)
284
Penance can be received by any baptized person who has committed sin.
Acts 2:38; 1 Jn 1:9
Trent, Session XIV (Penance)
E. Indulgences (285–287)
285
The Church possesses the power to grant indulgences.
Mt 16:19; Jn 20:23
Trent, Session XXV (Decree on Indulgences)
E. Indulgences (285–287)
286
The use of indulgences is useful and salutary.
2 Macc 12:45; Mt 16:19
Trent, Session XXV (Decree on Indulgences)
E. Indulgences (285–287)
287
Indulgences remit temporal punishment due to sin through the merits of Christ and the saints.
2 Macc 12:45; Mt 16:19
Trent, Session XXV (Decree on Indulgences)
F. Anointing of the Sick (288–295)
288
Anointing of the Sick (Extreme Unction) is a true sacrament instituted by Christ.
Jas 5:14–15
Trent, Session XIV (Extreme Unction)
F. Anointing of the Sick (288–295)
289
Its remote matter is oil.
Jas 5:14–15
Trent, Session XIV (Extreme Unction)
F. Anointing of the Sick (288–295)
290
The form consists in the priest’s prayer with anointing.
Jas 5:14–15
Trent, Session XIV (Extreme Unction)
F. Anointing of the Sick (288–295)
291
It gives sanctifying grace to strengthen the sick.
Jas 5:14–15
Trent, Session XIV (Extreme Unction)
F. Anointing of the Sick (288–295)
292
It remits remaining mortal and venial sins when contrition is present.
Jas 5:15; Mk 2:5
Trent, Session XIV (Extreme Unction)
F. Anointing of the Sick (288–295)
293
It sometimes restores bodily health if spiritually advantageous.
Jas 5:15
Trent, Session XIV (Extreme Unction)
F. Anointing of the Sick (288–295)
294
Only bishops and priests can validly administer it.
Jas 5:14–15
Trent, Session XIV (Extreme Unction)
F. Anointing of the Sick (288–295)
295
It may be received only by the seriously ill faithful.
Jas 5:14–15
Trent, Session XIV (Extreme Unction)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
296
Holy Orders is a true sacrament instituted by Christ.
Lk 22:19; Jn 20:21–23
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
297
The consecration of priests is sacramental.
2 Tim 1:6; 1 Tim 4:14
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
298
Bishops are superior to priests.
Acts 20:28; Tit 1:5
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
299
Orders confers sanctifying grace.
1 Tim 4:14; Acts 6:6
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
300
Orders imprints an indelible character.
Eph 4:30; 2 Tim 1:6
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
301
Orders confers a permanent spiritual power.
Jn 20:23; 1 Tim 4:14
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
302
The ordinary minister of all grades of orders (sacramental and non sacramental) is a validly consecrated bishop.
1 Tim 3:1; Tit 1:5
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
303
Only baptized men can validly receive priestly ordination.
1 Tim 2:12; 1 Cor 14:34–35 (discipline); Tradition
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
304
Episcopal consecration confers the fullness of the sacrament of orders.
Acts 6:6; 2 Tim 1:6
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
G. Holy Orders (296–305)
305
Apostolic succession is transmitted through episcopal ordination.
Acts 1:20–26; 2 Tim 1:6
Trent, Session XXIII (Holy Orders)
H. Matrimony (306–309)
306
Marriage is a true sacrament instituted by God.
Gen 2:24; Mt 19:4–6
Trent, Session XXIV (Matrimony)
H. Matrimony (306–309)
307
From the sacramental contract emerges a lifelong, indissoluble bond.
Mt 19:6; Mk 10:9
Trent, Session XXIV (Matrimony)
H. Matrimony (306–309)
308
Matrimony bestows sanctifying grace on the spouses.
Eph 5:31–32
Trent, Session XXIV (Matrimony)
H. Matrimony (306–309)
309
The spouses are ministers of the sacrament; consent makes marriage.
Eph 5:25; 1 Cor 7:39
Trent, Session XXIV (Matrimony)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
310
In the present order of salvation, death is a punishment for sin.
Gen 2:17; Rom 6:23
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
311
All subject to original sin are subject to death.
Rom 5:12
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
312
Souls of the just who die free from all guilt and punishment enter heaven.
Rev 21:27; Heb 12:14
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
313
The bliss of heaven lasts for all eternity.
Mt 25:46; Rev 22:5
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
314
The degree of Beatific Vision is proportioned to each one’s merits.
1 Cor 3:8; Mt 6:20
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
315
Souls dying in personal mortal sin enter hell.
1 Cor 6:9–10; Rev 21:8
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
316
The punishment of hell lasts for all eternity.
Mt 25:46; 2 Thess 1:9
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
317
Souls of the just with venial sins or temporal punishment due enter purgatory.
1 Cor 3:15; 2 Macc 12:45
Lyons II; Florence; Trent Session XXV
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
318
At the end Christ will come again in glory to pronounce judgment.
Mt 25:31–46; Rev 20:11–15
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
319
All the dead will rise again on the last day with their bodies.
Jn 5:28–29; 1 Cor 15:52
Lateran IV (Firmiter) affirms resurrection of all
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
320
The resurrected will rise with the same bodies they had on earth (glorified in the just).
Lk 24:39; Phil 3:21
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
IX. The Last Things (310–321)
321
Christ, at His second coming, will judge all men in the final judgment.
Mt 25:31–46; Acts 17:31
Lateran IV; Florence; Trent Session XXV (purgatory)
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